This epidemiological and health transition involving social, economic, political, cultural and health change is happening at such a fast pace that neither the Mongolian government, nor regional governments have the capability to monitor, analyse and report this process and its health effects in a timely manner to implement evidence-based prevention. The exact health effects and outcomes of this transition process continue to be poorly understood, as are the levels of awareness and perceptions around the health effects of this social change.
KAP SURVEY FREE
Today, more than half the total population lives in urban settings as a result of increased internal migration following transition to a free market economy in the 1990s. Mongolia is a lower-middle income country with a GDP of approximately $3600US and a population of about 2.6 million. This information is crucial in order to assist with developing targeted NCD programs and policies, and in evaluating current public health interventions. In order to set quantifiable goals and priorities for reducing NCDs, countries must collect local data on disease and risk burden as well as the knowledge and attitudes of the population. The global increase of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries, represents a major challenge to health services as well as social and economic development. Therefore this paper will contribute to building a knowledge base of NCD KAP survey methodology for future use in epidemiology and research worldwide.
This is despite the growing number of national epidemiological surveys, such as STEPS, which aim to quantify the burden of these diseases but do not explore the level of population-based awareness, understanding, risk-perception and possible motivation for change. KAP surveys are well represented in the literature, but studies that aim to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of a population around NCDs remain scarce.
These six sites were chosen to reflect major Mongolian cultural and social groups. Discussions took place in six sites across the country, facilitated by local, trained health workers. This quantitative arm was then complemented and triangulated with a qualitative component: twelve focus group discussions focusing on diet, exercise and alcohol consumption. Permanent residents of sampled households were eligible for recruitment, if aged between 15-64 years. Participants were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique in 42 regions across Mongolia, including rural and urban sites. A quantitative household-based questionnaire was conducted using a nationally representative sample of 3854 rural and urban households. This national survey consisted of both quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition, it aimed to provide data for the evaluation of current public health programs and to assist in building effective, evidence-based health policy.
KAP SURVEY DRIVERS
This study aimed to assess, describe and explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Mongolian adult population around NCDs in order to better understand the drivers and therefore develop more appropriate solutions to this growing disease burden. The lifestyle and health of Mongolians are changing as a result, shown by the 20 STEPS surveys (World Health Organization's STEPwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance) that described a growing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases and injuries (NCDs). Mongolia is undergoing rapid epidemiological transition with increasing urbanisation and economic development.
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